Fructosamine is a blood test that makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of treatment in cases of diabetes, especially when recent changes have been made to the treatment plan, whether in
The medical check-up corresponds to the periodic performance of several clinical, image and laboratory exams in order to assess the general health status and to diagnose early any disease that has
Diabetes is confirmed by checking the results of several laboratory tests that assess the amount of glucose circulating in the blood: the fasting blood glucose test, the capillary blood glucose
The presence of epithelial cells in the urine is considered normal and generally has no clinical relevance, as it indicates that there was a natural desquamation of the urinary tract, causing
TGO and TGP, also known as transaminases, are enzymes normally dosed with the aim of assessing liver health. TGO, known as oxalacetic transaminase or AST (aspartate aminotransferase) is produced
The presence of hemoglobin in the urine, scientifically called hemoglobinuria, occurs when the erythrocytes, which are elements of the blood, are destroyed and one of its constituents, the
Uroculture, also called urine culture or urine culture, serves not only to confirm the diagnosis of urinary infection, but also to detect which bacteria are involved, in order to better adapt the
Amorphous urates correspond to a type of crystal that can be identified in the urine test and that can arise due to the cooling of the sample or due to the acidic pH of the urine, and it is often
Cylinders are structures formed exclusively in the kidneys that are not often identified in the urine of healthy people. Thus, when cylinders are observed in the urine test, it may be an
The positive nitrite result indicates that bacteria capable of converting nitrate to nitrite have been identified in the urine, indicating an urinary tract infection, which should be treated with
Urobilinogen is a product of the degradation of bilirubin by bacteria present in the intestine, which is carried into the blood and excreted by the kidney. However, when a large amount of
The presence of red blood cells in the urine is known as hematuria and is usually associated with kidney problems, however it can also be a consequence of performing very intense physical
The VDRL exam, which means Venereal Disease Research Laboratory , is a blood test used to diagnose syphilis, or lues, which is a sexually transmitted disease. In addition, this test can
The 24-hour urine test is an analysis of urine collected over 24 hours to assess kidney function, very useful for identifying to monitor kidney diseases. This test is mainly indicated to
Pyuria, also popularly known as pus in urine, corresponds to the presence in large quantities of pyocytes, also called leukocytes, in urine. The presence of lymphocytes in the urine is considered
The stool test can be ordered by the doctor to assess digestive functions, the amount of fat in the stool or parasite eggs, which is useful to know how the person is doing. It may be recommended
Co-culture, also known as microbiological culture of feces, is an examination that aims to identify the infectious agent responsible for gastrointestinal changes, and is usually requested by the
Colonoscopy is an exam that evaluates the mucosa of the large intestine, being especially indicated to identify the presence of polyps, intestinal cancer or other types of changes in the
Transvaginal ultrasound, also known as transvaginal ultrasonography, or just transvaginal ultrasound, is a diagnostic test that uses a small device, which is inserted into the vagina, and produces
The BERA exam, also known as BAEP or Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential, is an exam that assesses the entire auditory system, checking for the presence of hearing loss, which can happen due to
Carotid doppler, also known as carotid ultrasound, is an easy and painless test that helps assess the interior of the carotid arteries, which are the vessels that pass through the side of the neck
The CA 125 exam is widely used to check a person's risk of developing some diseases, such as ovarian cancer, endometriosis or ovarian cyst, for example. This test is done from the analysis of a
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is an examination in which a thin tube, called an endoscope, is introduced through the mouth into the stomach, to allow you to observe the walls of organs such as
The PET scan, also called positron emission computed tomography, is an imaging test widely used to diagnose cancer early, check the development of the tumor and whether there is metastasis. PET
Cerebral scintigraphy, whose most correct name is cerebral perfusion tomography scintigraphy (SPECT), is an examination done to detect changes in blood circulation and brain function, and is
The bladder probe is a thin, flexible tube that is inserted from the urethra to the bladder, to allow urine to escape into a collection bag. This type of probe is generally used when they are
Bone marrow biopsy is an examination performed with the aim of assessing the characteristics of bone marrow cells and is therefore often used to help doctors make diagnoses and monitor the
A liver biopsy is a medical examination in which a small piece of the liver is removed, to be analyzed under the microscope by the pathologist, and thus, to diagnose or evaluate diseases that are
Peniscopy is a diagnostic test used by the urologist to identify lesions or changes imperceptible to the naked eye, which may be present in the penis, scrotum or perianal region. Generally,
The eye test, also known as the red reflex test, is a test performed during the first week of life of the newborn and which aims to identify early changes in vision, such as congenital cataracts,
Oximetry is a test that allows measuring the oxygen saturation of the blood, that is the percentage of oxygen that is being transported in the bloodstream. This test is important when diseases
The DNA test is done with the aim of analyzing the person's genetic material, identifying possible changes in the DNA and verifying the probability of the development of some diseases. In
The TSH exam serves to assess thyroid function and is usually requested by the general practitioner or endocrinologist, to assess whether this gland is functioning properly, and in case of
Virtual colonoscopy, also called colonography, is an exam that aims to visualize the intestine from images obtained through computed tomography with low radiation dose. In this way, the images
Arterial blood gas analysis is a blood test normally performed on people admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, which aims to verify that gas exchange is taking place correctly and, thus, to assess
Opaque enema is a diagnostic test that uses X-rays and contrasts, usually barium sulfate, to study the shape and function of the large and rectal intestine and, thus, to detect possible intestinal
The cholinesterase test is a laboratory test requested in order to verify the degree of exposure of the person to toxic products, such as pesticides, insecticides, herbicides or fertilizers, for
The Schiller test is a diagnostic test that consists of applying an iodine solution, Lugol, to the inner region of the vagina and the cervix and aims to verify the integrity of the cells in that
Colposcopy is an examination performed by the gynecologist indicated to evaluate the vulva, vagina and cervix in a very detailed way, looking for signs that may indicate inflammation or the
The ultrasound examination of the breast is usually requested by the gynecologist or mastologist after feeling any lump during palpation of the breast or if the mammogram is inconclusive,
To do the breast self-examination it is necessary to follow three main steps which include observing in front of the mirror, palpating the breast while standing and repeat the palpation while
Ferritin is a protein produced by the liver, responsible for storing iron in the body. Thus, the examination of serious ferritin is done with the aim of checking the lack or excess of iron in the
C-reactive protein, also known as CRP, is a protein produced by the liver that is usually increased when there is some type of inflammatory or infectious process happening in the body, being one
The dermatological exam is a simple and quick exam that aims to identify changes that may be present on the skin, and the exam should be performed by the dermatologist in his
The electrophysiological study is a procedure that aims to identify and record the electrical activity of the heart in order to verify changes in the heart rhythm. Thus, this study is most often
Total abdominal ultrasound, also known as total abdominal ultrasound (USG) is an exam indicated for the morphological evaluation of abdominal organs, such as liver, pancreas, gallbladder, bile
The glucose test, also known as a glucose test, is done in order to check the amount of sugar in the blood, which is called glycemia, and is considered the main test to diagnose diabetes. To
The spermogram exam aims to assess the quantity and quality of man's sperm, being mainly asked to investigate the cause of the couple's infertility, for example. In addition, the spermogram is
Amniocentesis is an exam that can be performed during pregnancy, usually from the second trimester of pregnancy, and aims to identify genetic changes in the baby or complications that may happen
PSA, known as Prostatic Specific Antigen, is an enzyme produced by prostate cells whose concentration may indicate changes in the prostate, such as prostatitis, benign prostatic hypertrophy or
The preventive exam, also known as Pap smear, is a gynecological exam indicated for sexually active women and its purpose is to evaluate the cervix, checking for signs that indicate infection by
The cervical exam is usually done mainly by performing a test known as a pap smear, which is simple and painless and is important for all women, especially those of childbearing age. This test
The diagnosis of meningitis is made through clinical observation of the symptoms of the disease and confirmed by means of an exam called a lumbar puncture, which consists of the removal of a small
Videolaryngoscopy is an image exam in which the doctor visualizes the structures of the mouth, oropharynx and larynx, being indicated to investigate the causes of chronic cough, hoarseness and
The reference values of the complete blood count generally vary according to the patient's sex and age, however, it is also possible to observe differences in the values depending on the
The ESR test, or erythrocyte sedimentation rate or erythrocyte sedimentation rate, is a blood test widely used to detect any inflammation or infection in the body, which may indicate from a simple
THE tilt test , also known as tilt test or postural stress test, is a non-invasive and complementary test performed to investigate episodes of syncope, which occur when a person has
Otoscopy is an examination performed by an otorhinolaryngologist who serves to assess the structures of the ear, such as the ear canal and eardrum, which is the very important membrane for hearing
The skin biopsy is indicated by the dermatologist to investigate any changes in the skin that may be indicative of malignancy or that may interfere with the person's quality of life. Thus, skin
The glomerular filtration rate, or simply GFR, is a laboratory measure that allows the general practitioner and the nephrologist to assess the functioning of the person's kidneys, which is an
Hybrid capture is a molecular test capable of diagnosing the HPV virus even though the first symptoms of the disease have not appeared. It allows identifying 18 types of HPV, divided into low-risk
The mineralogram is a laboratory exam that aims to identify the amount of essential and toxic minerals in the body, such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, lead, mercury,
Anuscopy is a simple test that does not need sedation, performed by a proctologist in a doctor's office or exam room, in order to check the causes of changes in the anal area, such as itching,
The proctological exam is a simple exam that aims to assess the anal region and rectum in order to investigate gastrointestinal changes and identify fissures, fistulas and hemorrhoids, in addition
Do only people who have cancer in the family need a mammogram every year? And is there any way to make mammography a less uncomfortable exam? Find out these answers here. Mammography is an
The MAPA exam means ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and consists of a method that allows the recording of blood pressure over a period of 24 hours, during normal day-to-day activities and
Average Corpuscular Hemoglobin (HCM) is one of the parameters of the blood test that measures the size and color of hemoglobin within the blood cell, which can also be called mean globular
Audiometry is an auditory examination that serves to assess the hearing capacity of the person in the interpretation of sounds and words, allowing the detection of important hearing changes,
If you suspect your blood pressure is high or low because you have symptoms such as blurred vision, blurred vision or dizziness, you should take your pressure immediately. However, people who are
Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, are the cells responsible for defending the body against infections, diseases, allergies and colds, being part of the immunity of each
Hysterosalpingography is a gynecological examination performed with the objective of evaluating the uterus and uterine tubes and, thus, identifying any type of alteration. In addition, this exam
Angiotomography is a rapid diagnostic test that allows the perfect visualization of fat or calcium plaques inside the veins and arteries of the body, using modern 3D equipment, very useful in
Fasting for blood tests is very important and must be respected when necessary, as the intake of food or water can interfere with the results of some tests, especially when it is necessary to
Dermoscopy is a non-invasive diagnostic method, which is used to analyze the skin in cases of melanoma, seborrheic keratosis, hemangiomas or dermatofibromas, for example, when the physical
Arteriography, also known as angiography, is a diagnostic tool that allows you to observe the circulation of blood and blood vessels in a specific region of the body, so that you can identify
The examination of the glycemic curve, also called an oral glucose tolerance test, or TOTG, is an exam that can be ordered by the doctor in order to assist in the diagnosis of diabetes,
Usually the presence of kidney stones causes crises with symptoms of severe pain in the lower back, radiating to the foot of the belly and genital region, pain when urinating, blood in the urine
Prolactin is the hormone responsible for stimulating the mammary glands to produce breast milk during pregnancy and during breastfeeding. Therefore, high blood prolactin may be a sign of
Retosigmoidoscopy is an exam indicated to visualize changes or diseases that affect the final portion of the large intestine. For its realization, a tube is introduced through the anus, which can
The diagnosis of gestational diabetes is made by measuring the amount of glucose in the blood between weeks 24 and 28 of gestation, even when the woman does not show signs and symptoms indicative
The creatinine clearance test is done to assess kidney function, which is done by comparing the concentration of creatinine in the blood with the concentration of creatinine present in the
Creatinine is a substance in the blood that is produced by the muscles and eliminated in the kidneys. Thus, by analyzing creatinine levels, it is possible to identify whether there is a problem
Videolaparoscopy is a technique that can be used for both diagnosis and treatment, the latter being called surgical videolaparoscopy. Videolaparoscopy is performed with the objective of observing
The diagnosis of the presence of intestinal worms, also called intestinal parasites, must be made by the doctor according to the symptoms presented by the person and by laboratory tests capable of
Lymphocytes are a type of defense cell in the body, also known as white blood cells, which are produced in greater quantities when there is an infection, and are therefore a good indicator of the
The exploratory or exploratory laparotomy is a diagnostic exam in which a cut is made in the abdomen in order to observe the organs and identify the cause of a certain symptom or alteration in
The ANA test is a type of test widely used to assist in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases, especially Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Thus, this test aims to detect the presence of
The rheumatoid factor is an autoantibody that can be produced in some autoimmune diseases and that reacts against IgG, forming immune complexes that attack and destroy healthy tissues, such as
The myoglobin test is done to check the amount of this protein in the blood in order to identify muscle and cardiac injuries. This protein is present in the heart muscle and other muscles in the
Digital rectal examination is a test commonly known as performed by the urologist to analyze possible changes in the prostate gland that may be indicative of prostate cancer or benign prostatic
Nasofibroscopy is a diagnostic test that allows you to evaluate the nasal cavity, up to the larynx, using a device called a nasofibroscope, which has a camera that allows you to view the inside of
Keratoscopy, also called corneal topography or corneal topography, is an ophthalmological examination widely used in the diagnosis of keratoconus, which is a degenerative disease characterized by
In case of suspected endometriosis the gynecologist, or the fertility specialist, may request exams such as transvaginal ultrasound, the CA125 exam or an MRI scan, but in some specific cases
Fasting glucose, or fasting glucose, is a blood test that measures the level of glucose in the bloodstream and needs to be done after an 8 to 12 hour fast, or according to the doctor's guidance,
Lactate is a product of glucose metabolism, that is, it is the result of the process of transforming glucose into energy for cells when there is not enough oxygen, a process called anaerobic
Bone scintigraphy is a diagnostic imaging test used, most of the time, to assess the distribution of bone formation or remodeling activity throughout the skeleton, and inflammation points caused
Human cytogenetics is an exam that aims to analyze chromosomes and thus identify chromosomal changes related to the patient's clinical characteristics. This test can be done at any age, even
Amylase is an enzyme produced by the pancreas and salivary glands, which acts on the digestion of starch and glycogen contained in food. Generally, the serum amylase test is used to help diagnose
Fetal sexing is an exam that aims to identify the baby's sex from the 8th week of pregnancy through the analysis of maternal blood, in which the presence of the Y chromosome, which is present in
Electromyography consists of an examination that assesses muscle function and diagnoses nervous or muscular problems, based on the electrical signals that the muscles release, enabling the
Shoulder arthroscopy is a surgical procedure in which the orthopedist makes a small access to the skin of the shoulder and inserts a small optic, to evaluate the internal structures of the
LDH, also called lactic dehydrogenase or lactate dehydrogenase, is an enzyme present within cells responsible for the metabolism of glucose in the body. This enzyme can be found in various organs